Research scientist (life sciences) : Entry requirements

Any science-based degree that relates to the areas of health, medicine, agriculture, horticulture or biology is appropriate for those entering research in the life sciences. However, the following specialisms may increase your chances:

• biochemistry;
• biomedical science;
• microbiology;
• natural sciences;
• pharmacology;
• ecology;
• environmental biology;
• crop and plant science.

Job titles vary between industry and academia but the levels are essentially the same. Technician-level jobs in industry and academia are open to those with undergraduate/foundation degrees and HND/C qualifications. Further study would be required by those with an HND/C to progress beyond this level. Research assistant/scientist jobs are open to those with undergraduate degrees and sometimes offer the possibility to study for a second degree (MPhil, MSc, PhD) whilst working. These positions may be better paid than studentships funded by industry or research councils, but they involve the pressure of studying alongside a full-time job, and fees may not be paid. A PhD is usually required for research associate/senior scientist roles and above.

Entry to work with research councils, such as the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) or their associated institutes, is possible at research scientist level for graduates, or as a senior research scientist for those with a higher degree and postdoctoral experience. Collaborative Awards in Science and Engineering (CASE Studentships) allow students to receive high-quality research training in collaboration with an industrial partner.

Practical experience gained through working and undertaking placements in the laboratory and field, together with knowledge of the range of techniques used, is useful when applying for research jobs. If practical experience has centred on an academic laboratory during degree study, gaining further work experience in industry during vacations helps illustrate how the two environments differ and inform future career choice.

Candidates need to show evidence of the following:

• a methodical approach, and the ability to analyse and process data;
• problem-solving skills, and the ability to find and employ creative solutions;
• good time management and organisational skills, and the ability to work with minimum supervision;
• strong communication skills for writing papers, reports and bids and for giving presentations;
• the ability and desire to work collaboratively in multidisciplinary teams;
• tenacity and patience, to see experiments through from design to completion;
• networking skills, and the ability to build effective links with external organisations.

For those considering further study with a view to working in industry, choosing a PhD funded by industry is a useful way to gain relevant experience and contacts. Academic tutors, research directories (Prospects Postgraduate Directory) and websites such as Jobs.ac.uk  and Find a PhD  help identify appropriate opportunities.

For jobs with larger organisations in industry, formal online applications are typical. Check individual websites for details and application deadlines. For smaller ones, a speculative letter and CV may be acceptable. It is common for employers to use contract staff, or employ scientific recruitment agencies to fill their vacancies for them.

For more information, see work experience and internships and search courses and research.