Microbiologist: Job description

Microbiologists study microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae and protozoa. They focus on the biology of microorganisms at both the molecular and cellular level, as well as their ecology. They also study many important practical problems in medicine, agriculture and industry, looking at how microorganisms affect us and how we can exploit them. Microorganisms affect every aspect of life on earth and, consequently, microbiologists work in a wide variety of settings, although the majority of work is laboratory-based.

Microbiology is a vast subject which overlaps with other areas of life sciences, such as molecular biology, immunology and biochemistry. Specialist areas include basic research, medicine, healthcare and food. Microbiologists can also work in industries such as pharmaceuticals, toiletries and biotechnology, as well as in agriculture, the environment and in university teaching.

Typical work activities

Depending on the specialist area, the work of a microbiologist can vary but tasks generally include:

• observing, monitoring and identifying microorganisms;
• tracking of microorganisms in a range of environments;
• monitoring and assessing samples from a range of sources;
• using a variety of identification methods, including molecular techniques, to test samples;
• developing new techniques, products and processes;
• developing and planning methods to prevent the spread of disease;
• developing and registering new medicines, vaccines, diagnostic tests and pharmaceutical products;
• planning, implementing and evaluating new products in clinical trials;
• developing products, such as enzymes, vitamins, hormones, and antimicrobials;
• growing microbial cultures, e.g. for use in the food and beverage industry or in agriculture;
• working with specialist computer software to undertake studies and research;
• managing and overseeing laboratory work.

Microbiologists may also undertake activities in the office, and elsewhere, depending on the field in which they work, which may include:

• planning and organising resources and activities;
• following regular sampling schedules within a specific environment;
• collecting samples from different types of environments, such as agricultural sites;
• quality control in manufacturing processes, e.g. checking for signs of contamination;
• maintaining accurate and up-to-date records;
• writing up research findings and producing reports;
• keeping up with new research and attending national and international conferences and other events;
• liaising with colleagues from non-scientific departments;
• teaching students, preparing assessment and providing feedback;
• providing information and advice to colleagues and external bodies.